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Fig. 13. Results of nested analysis of variance conducted on (A) raw values for body
mass, gestation period, brain mass and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in placental
mammals, and (B) the residual values for gestation period, brain mass and
basal metabolic rate calculated relative to body mass. With all analyses of
raw values, relatively little variance is found at the level of comparisons
between species or between genera, directly reflecting the limited variation
of body mass at those levels. By contrast, with analyses of residual values a
substantial proportion of the variance is found at the level of comparisons
between species or between genera for brain mass and BMR, but not for
gestation period (which is clearly subject to marked phylogenetic inertia).
This analysis replicates one previously reported by Ross
(1989).
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