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Fig. 3. Abnormal morphologies observed during in vitro development in
Alvinella pompejana. Observations were made after 96 h of incubation
at 10°C (A,B) and after 24 h ofincubation at 20°C (C,D), at 1
atmosphere. (A) Embryo with abnormal general shape and bubbles (arrowhead).
(B) Embryo with abnormal cleavage giving one large blastomere and many very
small cells. (C) Bubble formation (arrowhead) at the surface of the oocyte,
possibly responsible for subsequent breaking of the cell. (D) Oocyte with
broken plasma membrane and cytoplasm spreading into the perivitelline space. B
was obtained using SEM; other pictures of live embryos before fixation were
recorded on board ship. Scale bars, 50 µm.