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Fig. 9. The effect of limb length on vertical force production during walking and
running. The magnitude of vertical ground force at a given speed, estimated as
(contact time)1 / speed, decreases with hind-limb length.
Group means are calculated from individual trials (walking and running trials
combined). P-values are given for each comparison, calculated
via Student's one-tailed t-test assuming unequal variance.
Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. Ranges for each hind
limb-length category are: short 7980 cm (N=2 subjects); medium
8995 cm (N=4); long 103112 cm (N=3).