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Fig. 3. Fluctuations in kinetic energy (KE; broken line), gravitational potential
energy (GPE; thick solid line), and total energy (TotE; thin solid line) of
COM (hatched circles in drawings) during one walking step (right-front (RF) to
left-front (LF) footfalls as in drawings) for three tortoises. Note absence of
similar amplitude or out-of-phase relationship for fluctuations in KE and GPE.
(A,B) Two trials from Male 1; (C,D) two trials from Male 2; (E,F) two trials
from Female 2. Scale bars (10 J) reference both KE and GPE; y-axis
zeros reference KE only. Thin horizontal lines above drawings indicate each
foot's contact during step in A; data in B–F from a similar RF–LF
step (foot contacts not shown). Vertical broken lines link tortoise cartoon
footfalls (RF contact, LF lift, and LF contact) to that point in each
step.
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