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Fig. 9. Cartoon showing the aerodynamic features of a Class II LEV in the flow
around the wings and thorax of Manduca sexta in late downstroke
(top). DPIV inserts (bottom) show typical flow fields at each location with a
freestream of 3.5 m s-1. The midwing insert (left) has simple
(horizontal) freestream subtraction; the centreline insert (right) has local
freestream subtraction of 3.5 m s-1 angled 1° below
horizontal.