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Fig. 7. Individual extensor muscle mean EMG during the stance phase (mean ± S.E.M.) vs surface stiffness for hopping at (A, C and E) 2.2 Hz and (B, D and F) 3.0 Hz. Muscles are grouped by those that extend the angle (A and B), knee (C and D) and hip (E and F). All values are expressed as a percent of the mean EMG for that particular muscle during stance phase on the 81 kN m-1 surface during 2.2 Hz hopping. Notice that vertical axis scale differs to accommodate the large increase in RF EMG during hopping at 3.0 Hz. Muscles extending the same joint exhibit similar trends in EMG across the range of surface stiffness, possibly as a result of series elastic stiffness of the shared distal tendons.





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