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Fig. 5. Metabolic costs calculated from pooled data (five inclines in
Fig. 4), as dependent on
relative running speed (A) and incline of the walking substrate (B). (A)
Differences (a-b) in metabolic rate between locomotion against (a) and with
(b) the direction of air flow (
CO2 release) are plotted
against relative running speed (that is twice the running speed over ground).
Airflow speed in the running tube was approximately 235 mm s-1. At
low walking speeds the ants experience similar head and tail wind speeds,
whereas at high running speeds head wind becomes progressively faster than
tail wind (see text for details). A polynomial fit line approximates the data
points following a `speed-squared' relationship. N=26, 26, 26, 26,
26, 25, 24, 22, 18, 13 ants from left to right. (B) Metabolic rate of
Camponotus at the five different inclines of the running chamber,
averaged for all running speeds. Data are weighted by the duration of the mean
running period in each ant. N=30 (-60°), 30 (-30°), 45
(0°), 12 (30°), 12 ants (60° inclination). None of the values are
significantly different from each other, except metabolic rates at 0° and
-30° (P<0.05). Broken lines indicate metabolic rates of
resting intact (a) and decapitated (b) ants, and during locomotion at walking
speeds below 5 mm s-1 (c).
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