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Fig. 5. Time courses of
CL,w (A),
CT,w (B) and
CM,w (C) in
one flapping cycle.
CL,w,
CT,w and
CM,w are the
difference between CL,w, CT,w and
CM,w at
u+=0.05
(
w+=
q+=0) and their
counterparts at reference flight, respectively.
u+
and
w+, non-dimensional x- and
z-components of velocity of center of mass, respectively;
q+, non- dimensional pitching rate;
,
non-dimensional time.