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Fig. 6. The `burst-and-glide' parameters R or Rp (A)
and 
(B) in relation to the average swimming speed of the great
cormorant in each paddling cycle. Open symbols denote calculated values when
the recovery is treated as part of the burst stage and full symbols are
calculated values when the recovery is treated as part of the glide stage (see
text). Solid horizontal lines mark the proportion of 1, where the energetic
cost of burst-and-glide is exactly the same as for swimming at constant speed.
Broken vertical lines in A mark the threshold average speed where the least
square regression of the points (broken line for Rp, solid
line for R) intersects with the value of 1. At this swimming speed
the energetic benefit from burst-and-glide changes from gain (R<1)
into loss (R>1). In B, values 
1 imply that the drag
coefficient for passive drag is as high as or higher than the coefficient for
active swimming. Note that the open symbols represent a more conservative
approach for estimating the energetic advantage from burst-and-glide.
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