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Fig. 12. Towhees tend to produce low sound frequencies in `tow-hee' calls with a
small beak gape but produce high sound frequencies with a large beak gape.
Plotted are measurements of beak gape and measurements of peak sound frequency
obtained from audio frames corresponding with video frames. (A) Calls recorded
in Florida (362 frames from 50 calls produced by seven subjects). (B) Calls
recorded in Indiana (854 frames from 97 calls produced by 6 subjects). Sound
frequencies above the dashed line (
3.75 kHz) seem to be attenuated as
towhees close their beaks (Fig.
5). Arrows depict directional pressures that are described in the
text.
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