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Fig. 4. Lift (A) and drag (B) coefficients for four sinusoidal strokes. The green
lines show the results of the immersed boundary simulation, the blue lines
represent numerical data for a two-dimensional elliptic wing
(Wang et al., 2004), and the
red lines describe the experimental data for a three-dimensional model wing
(Wang et al., 2004). In all
cases, the leading edge vortex did not appear to separate during translation.
The wing in each case flaps in a sinusoidal motion with 
=0,
ß=
/2, and Ao/c=2.8, as defined in Eqns
17 and
18, at Re=75. This
represents a 2.8 chord translation and a minimum angle of attack of
45°.
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