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Fig. 2. Dimensionless translational and angular velocities of the wing as a
function of dimensionless time for one `clap and fling' stroke. The total
motion was used for all `clap and fling' simulations. For `fling' simulations,
the angular and translational velocities follow the second half of the graph.
Note that the wing begins to rotate before the end of translation during the
upstroke (first half-stroke). Translation during the downstroke (second
half-stroke) also begins before wing rotation has ended.