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Fig. 1. `Clap and fling' (redrawn from
Weis-Fogh, 1973). The
three-dimensional motion (top) and the corresponding two-dimensional
approximation (bottom). In this drawing, the insect flies with its body
oriented almost vertically, and the wings move in a horizontal plane. At the
beginning of the upstroke (A), the wings move from the ventral to the dorsal
side of the body, and rotate together about the leading edges. At the
beginning of the downstroke (B), the wings rotate apart about the trailing
edges. Towards the end of rotation, the wings translate away from each
other.