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Fig. 3. The formation, collapse and rebound of a cavitation bubble between a mantis
shrimp's dactyl heel and a force sensor. The left trace (blue) indicates force
output from a force sensor that was recorded synchronously with high-speed
images at 100,000 samples s-1. The series of photographs on the
right are recorded at 0.1 ms intervals (from the top down) and temporally
aligned with the horizontal lines in the force trace. The two images on the
left correspond with the two maximal force peaks. The formation of a
cavitation bubble begins when the limb strikes the force sensor (1). The
cavitation bubble collapses at the onset of the second peak (2), and then
rebounds (3) until the last shown image. This sequence of cavitation bubble
formation, collapse and rebound is typical of cavitation occurring near a
boundary, in which peak force occurs during cavitation bubble collapse
(Brennen, 1995;
Tomita and Shima, 1990).
Termed the rebound phase, a small cloud of bubbles is typically formed after
the initial collapse of the primary cavitation bubble. These smaller bubbles
will continue to collapse, but with smaller resultant forces than the collapse
of the first large cavitation bubble
(Brennen, 1995;
Tomita and Shima, 1990).
Videos of simultaneous force and video traces are available online as
supplementary material.
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