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Fig. 4. Pairwise comparison of three situations, viz. normal vertebrae
with normal eccentricity (normal, blue), normal vertebrae with doubled
eccentricity (double, grey) and lordotic vertebrae with their characteristic
high eccentricity (lordotic, red) (see top row). Box plot comparison of mean
between (A) normal vertebrae and normal vertebrae with
double eccentricity, (C) normal and lordotic vertebrae and (E) lordotic and
normal vertebrae with double eccentricity. As the volumes of all finite
elements in the models are approximately equal, the mean dimensionless strain
energy density, , is approximately equal to the total
dimensionless strain energy in each vertebra. Subplots B, D and F show a
histogram of the percentage of the total number of elements in a number of
categories. Comparisons are equal to those in subplots A, C
and E, respectively. The last category includes all elements with
>2000. Standard deviation is indicated by boxes around the
solid line. Colour of the boxes indicates the loading situation. Grey shading
indicates significant (P<0.05 in a one-tailed non-parametric
Wilcoxon test) differences between the respective groups.
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