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Fig. 7. Model calculations of absolute shortening distance and relative force of
segmented muscle. (A) Absolute segment shortening (cm) versus
when initial muscle fiber length is held constant (1 cm). Results are shown
for 10% fiber strain (0.1 cm muscle fiber shortening). (B) Relationship
between
and the relative force produced in the longitudinal direction
during 10% muscle fiber shortening (force normalized to the
=0
condition). In Appendix 3, we use shortening distance and force to calculate
segment work, and we find that work is independent of muscle fiber angle and
bulging condition.