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Fig. 4. Sonomicrometry traces from the external oblique (EO) muscle layer of Siren lacertina ({alpha}=40.5° in this individual). (A) Proportional changes in the muscle fiber length ({lambda}f; red), segment length ({lambda}x; black) and segment height ({lambda}f; blue) are shown over seven swimming tailbeats. Note that the amplitude of changes in longitudinal strain are larger than the changes in muscle fiber strain, indicating that the AGR is greater than one. (B) Comparison of measured {lambda}y (solid blue line) with predicted {lambda}y from two of the bulging condition models (broken lines). The empirical trace falls between these two bulging conditions, indicating that the EO shows some dorsoventral bulging but not as much dorsoventral bulging as mediolateral bulging.





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