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Fig. 2. Model simulations of the relationship between architectural gear ratio (AGR={epsilon}x/{epsilon}f) and initial muscle fiber angle ({alpha}) for a fiber shortening of 10% ({epsilon}f=–0.1). The AGR is shown for the four bulging conditions defined in the text. These conditions are part of a continuum of bulging conditions. The AGR increases most rapidly when all of the bulging is in the y (dorsoventral) direction ({lambda}z=1) and progressively less rapidly with less dorsoventral bulging.





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