|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
|
Fig. 1. The lateral hypaxial musculature (LHM) of an aquatic salamander, Siren
lacertina, and an isovolumetric planar model of this segmented
musculature. The skin and superficial layers of LHM have been progressively
removed from cranial to caudal along the myoseptal boundaries. The positions
of the sonomicrometry crystals used to test the segmented muscle model are
shown, and the initial muscle fiber angle, 
, of the external oblique
(EO) is indicated. (A) Lateral view of the EO, internal oblique (IO) and
transverse abdominis (TA) layers of the LHM as well as the rectus abdominis
(RA) and epaxial (EP) musculature (modified from
Simons and Brainerd, 1999).
(B) Isovolumetric planar model of a muscle segment in the relaxed and
contracted states. Note that the muscle fiber angle increases from to
ß and the segment bulges out in the y and z dimensions
to maintain constant volume. Variables: and ß, muscle fiber angle
before and after shortening; x1 and
x2, length of segment before and after muscle fiber
shortening; z1 and z2, depth of
segment before and after shortening; y1 and
y2, height of triangle defined by x1
and and x2 and ß; f, initial muscle
fiber length; 
f, extension ratio of the muscle fiber;
x, y and z, extension
ratios of the three dimensions, x, y and z of the segment.
Modified from Azizi et al.
(2002).
|
