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Fig. 4. Responses of monarch butterflies to 90° turns of polarizers or lids.
Even though some monarchs changed their mean heading following a 90°
clockwise turn of the 44° polarizer (A) or the 85° polarizer (without
sun shades; B), their mean change was 0°. Furthermore, the animals'
reactions in response to a turn of the polarizers were no different from their
reactions when a lid with an opening exposing the blue sky was turned 90°
(C). 0° indicates the mean direction chosen by each individual butterfly
prior to the turn of the polarizer. Thus, a data point at 0° means that
the orientation before and after the turn was identical. For explanation of
symbols, see legend to Fig.
2.
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