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Fig. 9. Representation of the orientation of the epitendinous tissues relative to GM- and PL-tendons, being dependent on muscle length. Proximally, GM is attached to a force transducer, whereas distally, GM and PL are both attached to one force transducer. Force transducers are indicated by black squares. Epitendinous tissues are represented by solid lines attached to the tendons. At short muscle lengths (upper panel), the epitendinous tissues are oriented in such a way that the force borne by these connections (indicated by arrows) is directed distally, but not to the force transducer. In contrast, at long muscle lengths (obtained by distal lengthening), the epitendinous tissues are oriented in an opposite direction, bearing force to a proximal direction (lower panel).





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