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Fig. 14. The effects of stroke amplitude (
) on force coefficients. (A)
Non-dimensional angular velocity of pitching rotation
(
) and azimuthal
rotation (
); (B) time
courses of lift coefficient (CL) and (C) drag coefficient
(CD) in one cycle. Reynolds number (Re)=200,
mid-stroke angle of attack (
m)=40° and non-dimensional
duration of wing rotation (
r)=1.87 [mean angular
velocity of rotation (
)=0.93]; symmetrical rotation.