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Fig. 2. Vorticity measurements at both Re. (A) Side views of wing at
0.65R (R is the length of one wing) at mid-downstroke. Wing
is moving to the left at an angle of attack of 45°. Note the stronger and
larger leading edge vortex at the higher Re. (B) Circulation around
the wing as a function of wing length. The vertical line at 0.65R
represents the position of the pseudocolor plots in A. The area of greatest
vorticity shifts slightly towards the wingtip at high Re, occurring
at 0.65R versus 0.49R at low Re.