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Fig. 5. Protrusion (A) and protrusion velocity (B) of P. molurus for three
recorded tongue-flick clusters (cluster 1, black circles; cluster 2, grey
circles; cluster 3, open circles). The clusters differ in duration and maximum
protrusion length. The series of small panels at the top of the figure shows
the tongue axis position (lateral view, tongue tip pointing to the right) of
the protrusion trace with the longest duration (black circles). Each numbered
panel corresponds to the same number in the position time trace. Protrusion
length was calculated along the 3-D tongue axis from mouth opening to the
bifurcation point of the tongue. At time t=0 s, the tips of the
tongue started to become visible. Protrusion was started before the
bifurcation point became externally visible, which explains the initial high
protrusion velocity. The marked (grey) traces in flick clusters 1 and 2
indicate ground contact of the tongue tips.
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