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Fig. 2. (A) Dorsal view of the microcrustacean Daphnia magna showing the
medium flow pattern (white arrows) and the circulatory pattern (black arrows).
A dorsal piece of the left carapace valve (chequered area) was removed (for
details see Pirow et al.,
1999b). (B) Conceptual model for oxygen transport in D.
magna based on a cylinder-within-a-tube arrangement. Medium flows through
the space between the carapace and the trunk in a posterior direction (open
arrows) while oxygen is released both into the carapace lacuna and the
peripheral tissue layer of the trunk. This tissue layer is supplied with
oxygen from the medium and from a truncal haemolymph space by diffusion
(broken arrows). Oxygenated haemolymph leaves the double-walled carapace and
then enters the truncal haemolymph space (solid arrows). While flowing in an
anterior direction, oxygen diffuses from this haemolymph space both into the
coaxial tissue cylinder and the cortical tissue layer (broken arrows).
Pin, Pex, inspiratory and expiratory
oxygen partial pressures, respectively; Pa and
Pv, oxygen partial pressures of the haemolymph entering
and leaving the trunk, respectively.