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Fig. 2. Movements of a strike and a startle of the northern pike (Esox lucius). The feeding strike (A–G) is characterized by isolated caudal movement (C–E) followed by a forward lunge accompanied by the opening of the jaw (F,G). The startle response (H–N) is characterized by an initial S-shaped bend (J) followed by a stronger bend (L-bend; K) and a propulsive tail stroke (L–N) with no jaw opening. A comparison of the feeding strike and escape startle demonstrates that initial movement is restricted to the caudal region of the body during the feeding strike (C–E) while the startle involves significant rostral and caudal movement (I–K). Scale bar, 10 cm.





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