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Fig. 6. Work loops measured under conditions that maximized power output [blue,
phase of activation: 0.34; mean length: 9.81 mm (1.05Lop);
peak-to-peak strain amplitude: 0.95Lop; power output: 91.0
W kg–1] and under conditions that replicated conditions
measured in vivo during tethered flight [red, phase of activation;
0.52, mean length: 9.81 mm (1.05Lop); peak-to-peak strain
amplitude: 0.77Lop, power output: 53.9 W
kg–1]. Time progresses in each loop in a counterclockwise
direction, as indicated by the arrowhead on each loop. The filled circle on
each loop indicates the time of muscle activation. Both work loops are from
Moth 1 in Tables 1 and
2. Activation of the muscle
prior to the onset of shortening maximized power output. Under in
vivo conditions in which muscle activated occurred near the onset of
shortening, the muscle generated relatively low force during shortening and
did not relax completely prior to lengthening.
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