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Fig. 2. Transporters and enzymes putatively involved in the process of ammonia excretion in crabs. Note: composition and localization of transporters may vary between crab species. (1) Na+/K+-ATPase; (2) K+ channels; (3) Na+/K+/2Cl– co-transporter; (4) Na+/H+ exchanger; (5) HCO3–/Cl– exchanger; (6) V-type H+-ATPase; (7) Carbonic anhydrase (CA); (8) amiloride-sensitive cation-permeable channel-like structures of the cuticle; (9) Rhesus-like protein (RhCM), putative ammonium transporter with unknown localization. For further information please refer to Table 2.





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