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Fig. 2. Diagram of sectional flow velocities. The wing is travelling through the
fluid at forward velocity Vf. (A) Downstroke. The wing is
sweeping into the incident flow. The magnitude sectional flow velocity at wing
position r is given by r +Vfcos(
).
(B) Upstroke. The wing is sweeping with the incident flow. The flow velocity
at wing position r is given by r
Vfcos(
).