(Downloading may take up to 30 seconds.
If the slide opens in your browser, select File -> Save As to save it.)
Click on image to view larger version.

Fig. 2. Schematic drawing of the vertical centreplane cross section of a wake
generated by a downstroke at low speed. The positive start vortex and the
negative stop vortex are indicated as circles. The inclination angle of the
wake plane,
trace, with respect to the horizontal was obtained
by fitting a straight line between the start (
+) and stop vortex
(
) at low speeds and a line parallel to the wake trace at
intermediate and high speeds. The direction of the induced downwash was
estimated from an average in a rectangular box in the centre of the wake just
above the wake trace. The inclination angle of the induced downwash
(
ind) was then calculated relative to the vertical.