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Fig. 2. Schematic drawing of the vertical centreplane cross section of a wake generated by a downstroke at low speed. The positive start vortex and the negative stop vortex are indicated as circles. The inclination angle of the wake plane, {psi}trace, with respect to the horizontal was obtained by fitting a straight line between the start ({Gamma}+) and stop vortex ({Gamma}–) at low speeds and a line parallel to the wake trace at intermediate and high speeds. The direction of the induced downwash was estimated from an average in a rectangular box in the centre of the wake just above the wake trace. The inclination angle of the induced downwash ({psi}ind) was then calculated relative to the vertical.





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