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Fig. 12. Composite colour-coded spanwise vorticity with superimposed velocity field
vectors for flight speeds U=5, 8 and 11 m s–1. Data
are from the vertical centreplane. Velocity vectors are shown at half
resolution. The vorticity is mapped symmetrically about a 10-step colour bar.
The resolution of the colour bar matches the worst-case uncertainty in the
measurement, so all visible features exist. The colour bar is rescaled to
local absolute maxima at each different flight speed; these are ±700,
280 and 200 s–1, respectively. The regions corresponding to a
starting and stopping vortex are indicated by a (+) and (–) arrow,
respectively. The stroke wavelength 
is shown as a black bar and the
wingspan, 2b, and mean chord, c, is shown for reference. For
more details and examples of wakes at other speeds (4, 7 and 10 m
s–1; see Spedding et al.,
2003a).
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