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Fig. 1. The method for calculating joint moments, M, and powers,
Pm. Joint moment (A) is the product of the magnitude of
the ground reaction force, GRF, and the out-moment arm, R. R
is the orthogonal distance from the GRF to the center of rotation of
the joint. Arrows indicate the direction of positive net moments produced by
muscles at a joint. Joint angles were measured as indicated in B. Joint
velocities were calculated from the time derivative of the angle (
)
change. The arrows denote the direction of positive velocities. Definitions:
a, ankle; h, hip; k, knee; t, toe.
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