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Fig. 2. The effects of acetylcholine (ACh), atropine (Atr) and neurokinin A (NKA)
on gut motility in zebrafish larvae over successive 9 min periods (in
vivo experiments). (A) ACh was applied to animals expressing no
spontaneous motility (4 d.p.f.). (B–D) Atropine and NKA were applied to
animals showing spontaneous motility (B, 4 d.p.f.; C, 5 d.p.f.; D, 6 d.p.f.).
Application of saline (NaCl; A–D) did not affect the frequency of
anterior anterograde waves (cycles min-1) compared to the control
period. (A) ACh (10-5 mol l-1) increased the frequency
at 4 d.p.f., indicating the presence of functional muscarinic receptors, but
was without effect one stage earlier (not shown). (B–D) Atropine
(10-6 mol l-1) reduced the frequency of the spontaneous
motility from 4 d.p.f. (B), indicating a release of endogenous acetylcholine
in the animal. NKA (10-6 mol l-1) increased the
frequency from 5 (C) to 6–8 d.p.f. (D) after block by atropine, but had
no visible effect if applied before atropine (not shown).
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