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Fig. 1. Changes in the amount of esophageal inflation during a sequence of two coos. The enlargement of the esophagus (top graph) is produced by airflow through the syrinx in the expiratory direction while the beak and nares are closed. Complete beak closure, as seen in the x-ray video, is indicated by arrow 1. The amount of inflation was estimated by measuring the area of the esophagus (shaded area on the drawing of the dove) in the two-dimensional x-ray image. Maximum inflation occurs at the end of the coo (arrows 2 and 3). The esophagus does not completely collapse between bouts of cooing. Coos are shown spectrographically (middle panel) and as an oscillogram (bottom panel). i, inspiratory note; e1, first note of the coo; p, pause between first and second note; e2, second note of the coo.





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