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Fig. 2. Resultant forces and moments relative to the body. (A) Illustration of the
six degrees of body motion: the directional components (thrust, lift and
sideslip) and the moments (roll, yaw and pitch). The projection of the
aerodynamic force vector (FN) onto each of the three
rectangular axes constitutes its contribution to thrust
(Fx), lift (Fy) and sideslip
(Fz). The moment depends on the position vector r
and the force vector FN as described in the text. (B)
Simplified sideview of A. If the sideslip component of force is negligible,
lift and thrust depend primarily on the magnitude (FN) and
inclination (
F) of the force vector as the wing moves
through the stroke (blue dots denote changes in position).
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