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Fig. 1. Methods. (A) Schematic cartoon showing method of data collection (not drawn
to scale). Tethered flies were positioned within view of three orthogonally
arranged high-speed video cameras. A panel of infrared LEDs was placed
opposite each camera to provide backlighting. (B) Sample video frame from each
camera view. A wire frame image of a Calliphora wing (shown in yellow
and red) was fit by eye to the outline of each wing in all three camera views
simultaneously. The anterior tip of the head (blue cross) and the posterior
tip of the abdomen (pink cross) were digitized once per sequence. (C) The
wing's position at each time point was quantified relative to a 50°-tilted
body axis (left). The progression of the three Euler angles (
, 
and 
) over time was reproduced using a mechanical model fitted with
force transducers at the base of the model wing (right).
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