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Fig. 7. Kinematics of the scape–pedicel (S–P) joint in two behavioral states. By immobilizing the head–scape (H–S) joints (see inset at bottom), movement of the S–P joint could be analyzed independently. (A) Trajectory patterns formed simple vertical lines in both pausing and walking. Vertical positions were lowered entirely by 20–30° during pausing. (B) Power-spectra for vertical components (V) in the two states. These spectra were obtained from the time-series whose trajectories are shown in A. Discrete peaks appear at 1.5–3.5 Hz during pausing, but distributed over a wider range up to 4.5 Hz in walking. (C) Spatial profiles of the S–P joints in pausing and walking. Bars and symbols indicate averages of the angular ranges and the central positions, respectively (N=4). Both antennae significantly lowered by about 25° during walking. Inset shows a rotation axis of the free S–P joint in this condition. Sampling periods were 30 s(trajectories) and 34 s (power-spectra). H, head; S, scape; P, pedicel; F, flagellum.





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