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Fig. 4. Chemicals that decreased on solitarization in final instar nymphs were
tyramine, citrulline and acetylcholine. Tyramine decreased to 30% of its
gregarious value within 24 h of isolation and remained low during all stages
of solitarization, but increased rapidly within 24 h of crowding. Citrulline
decreased to less than 10% of gregarious amounts after 24 h isolation and
remained low during all stages of isolation and gregarization monitored.
Acetylcholine declined slowly over a period of 24 h to 1 generation of
isolation and remained at approximately 80% of the gregarious amount during
further generations of isolation. It did not recover following 1 stadium of
crowding. Values (mean ± S.E.M.) are
sum amounts in the three sampled regions of the central nervous system,
standardized to give the mean long-term gregarious value as 1. Stages as in
Fig. 1.
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