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Fig. 1. Experimental design for the multi-generation experiments. In the oxygen selection experiment, 30 randomly chosen female flies were mated and used to found each generation. The same procedure was used to found the first generation and last two generations of the artificial selection experiment, whereas for generations two to n, only the heaviest 25% of the females were allowed to mate and found the next generation. For both experiments, flies were reared in 21% O2 in generation 0 and the final two generations. Flies were reared in 10, 21 or 40% O2 during all other generations. Two trials of both experiments were performed, each with a different relative humidity. Multiple main dorsal tracheae (DT) diameters were measured in the first trial; only posterior DT diameters were measured in the second trial. See text for details.





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