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Fig. 8. Body outlines of a dead trout towed behind the cylinder (A), a live trout
Kármán gaiting behind the cylinder (B) and a live trout swimming
in uniform flow at 3.5 L s–1 (C). Within each
experimental treatment, body outlines have been displaced upstream at evenly
spaced intervals to facilitate visualization of kinematics. Similar to a live
trout Kármán gaiting, a dead trout towed in the wake of a
cylinder oscillates laterally with high amplitude and has a tail-beat
frequency similar to the expected vortex shedding frequency. The body
wavelength is also longer than the expected wake wavelength, confirming that
live fish can synchronize to the vortex street in a largely passive manner.
Dead and live trout behind the cylinder adopt the same mean head angle.
However, live trout head angles have a wider range of values and a higher
variance, indicating a larger change in head angle during the
Kármán gait compared with dead trout.
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