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Fig. 1. The TNO intestinal model (TIM). (1) The gastric compartment, comprising two
glass units with interior flexible walls, surrounded by water at 37°C; (2)
the persitaltic movements of the gastric wall are simulated; (3) secretion of
gastric acid, electrolytes and enzymes (pepsinogen/pepsine, lipase); (4) pH
electrode to control gastric pH; (5) simulated pyloric sphincter, regulating
the delivery of gastric contents into the duodenum; (6) duodenal compartment
with simulated peristaltic movements (see Supplemental data); (7) pH electrode
to control the duodenal pH by the secretion of bicarbonate; (8) secretion of
duodenal electrolytes, bile and pancreatic enzymes; (9) jejunal compartment
with simulation of the peristaltic movements (see Supplemental data); (10) pH
electrode to control the jejunal pH value by the secretion of bicarbonate;
(11) ileal compartment with simulation of the peristaltic movements; (12) pH
electrode to control the ileal pH value by the secretion of bicarbonate; (13)
simulated ileo-caecal valve, regulating the delivery of ileal contents into
the large intestine, mimicking the intestinal passage; (14) prefilter system;
and (15) semipermeable membrane unit (hollow fibers) for absorption of
digested products and water.
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