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Fig. 5. Results of four control tests to check for the possible use of olfactory
cues. Bees trained in the category discrimination experiments of
Fig. 2 were presented with
tests in which the sample as well as the four test stimuli were identical (in
this case, they were grey-level versions of F1). The feeder was placed behind
one of the test stimuli, as shown by the circular symbol. The bees chose
randomly among the four stimuli, indicating that they were not using olfactory
cues to make their discriminations in our experiments.