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Fig. 4. [pH]o neutralization prevents apoptosis. Conditioned medium was generated as described in Fig. 2. (A) The top panel shows DNA ladders from the cardiac myocytes used to generate the conditioned medium. In the bottom panel, the conditioned medium was added directly to fresh plates of cardiac myocytes (middle two lanes) or it was neutralized to pH 7.4 with Hepes (20 mmol l–1 final concentration) and NaOH and then added to a second set of fresh cardiac myocytes. Both sets of plates were incubated under hypoxia for 24 h and analyzed for DNA fragmentation. Control plates were incubated under aerobic or hypoxic conditions in parallel. (B) Parallel sets of cardiac myocytes were exposed to hypoxia without medium change; in the first set (left panel), the acid was allowed to accumulate exactly as described in Fig. 2B; in the second set (right panel), experimentally predetermined aliquots of Hepes and NaOH were added every 12 h to maintain a [pH]o of ~7.2.





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