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Fig. 5. Proleg movements are highly correlated with the electromyogram (EMG) activity of the principal planta retractor muscle (PPRM). (A) Spontaneous proleg movements were monitored in a restrained larva by measuring the separation of the right and left plantas in one segment. Upward deflections are retractions with the peaks representing complete withdrawal and the troughs full adduction. The activity of PPRM on one side of the same segment was monitored with a bipolar electrode inserted into the origin on the body wall. Each retraction is concurrent with a burst of activity in PPR. One exception to this finding (arrow) is shown at the beginning of the trace and this corresponds to the unilateral withdrawal of the opposite leg. (B) An expanded part of the record shown in A to illustrate the start of adduction corresponds to the end of a burst of activity in PPRM. These responses are typical of several hundred cycles of both spontaneous and evoked proleg movements in six preparations.





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