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Fig. 1. Schematic of burrowing apparatus with distance measurements. Distance from
the starting end of the tube was recorded to the nearest tenth of a centimeter
at the commencement of burrowing (S) and when the gopher reached the
end of the tube or stopped burrowing consistently (T). The total
distance burrowed (D) was then calculated as
D=TS. In cases where the gopher did not push
all of the sand out of the tube and into the chamber, the amount of the tube
that was filled with sand (F) was also recorded to the nearest tenth
of a centimeter.