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Fig. 6. Foot kinematics (left foot) of the great cormorant during the stroke phase,
relative to still water. Points shown are the base of the foot and the tip of
digit IV (points 4 and 5 in Fig.
1) and a reference point on the body (filled circle). Swimming
direction is left to right. (A) The motion in the XZ plane during an
average stroke. The position of the body is represented by a point on the
ventral body mid-line. (B) The motion in the XY plane of points 4 and
5 of Fig. 1 and the center of
hydrodynamic forces of the foot, located at two-thirds of the distance between
points 4 and 5 (see text). The body is represented by the center of mass
(point 8 in Fig. 2). Numbers
adjacent to data points denote field numbers (fields are separated by 0.02 s
intervals, starting at 1 as the first field of the stroke phase). The two
views (XZ, XY planes) are averages analyzed from different paddling
sequences due to limitations of the setup (see text). The two sequences were
synchronized by matching the first fields of the stroke phase and resetting
the values on the X axis in the first fields of the stroke phase.
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