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Fig. 3. Tilting angles of the body, tail and neck (
B,
T and
N, respectively) during the paddling
cycle of a swimming great cormorant. Angles are relative to the mean swimming
direction (see text). The angles are
0 throughout the paddling cycle.
B and
T are in anti-phase during the
stroke phase, and
T remains at a steeper angle than
B during the glide and recovery phases. Each data point on
the curve is the mean ± S.E.M. of all
birds (N=9). The X axis is the same as described in
Fig. 2 and in the text.