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Fig. 4. Flow tank boundary layer. The boundary layer thickness was 7.3 mm or less
at all swimming velocities. Black boxes are standard statistical box plots,
with the box stretching from the 25th to 75th quartile, a white line at the
median, and whiskers of 1.5 times the interquartile range. Outliers are shown
as separate points. (A) Laminar boundary layer at flow speeds less than 95 mm
s-1 with fit Blasius boundary layer profile
(Faber, 1995). The boundary
layer thickness at 0.99U was 7.3 mm (green dotted lines). (B)
Turbulent boundary layer at flow speeds above 120 mm s-1. The
normalized distance y+ and velocity u+
are shown on the top and right, respectively. The law of the wall profile for
turbulent boundary layers, u+=5.75 log
y++5.2, is shown in red. Note that this is a semi-log
plot. (C) Axial component of velocity from the horizontal light sheet, 7 mm
above the bottom, showing turbulent effects. Flow is from bottom to top. Note
the streamwise regions of reduced velocity. The bottom profile shows mean
velocity (solid line) and mean velocity about two hours later (dotted line). A
histogram of velocities (solid line) is also shown beside the color bar with a
histogram from about two hours later (dotted line).
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