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Fig. 6. Mean vertical and horizontal accelerations during downstroke and upstroke
resulting from aerodynamic forces plotted versus flight speed. The
values shown are means ± 1 S.D. for the four birds. Vertical
and horizontal upstroke and downstroke accelerations differed significantly
between stroke phases (P<0.001, paired t-test), and
vertical accelerations differed significantly across speeds. Note that
maintaining position in the wind tunnel requires that aerodynamic forces
produce a mean vertical acceleration of +9.81 m s–2 (to
counter gravity) and a horizontal acceleration of 0 m s–2;
there was a slight tendency toward forward acceleration in the cockatiels,
especially at faster flight speeds.
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