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Fig. 4. Sound and (A) unilateral or (B) bilateral sonic muscle electromyogram (EMG)
traces from voluntary disturbance calls recorded in air. In the bilateral
trace, action potentials from the right sonic muscle deflect down, while those
from the left muscle deflect up. Muscle action potentials occur before
alternate sound pulses in the unilateral trace but before each sound in the
bilateral trace (dotted lines). Note the action potentials failing to produce
acoustic pulses early in both calls and the two attenuated sound pulses at the
end of each call that are not associated with any action potentials (double
arrows in both traces). Note also the sound pulse in the unilateral trace
denoted with a single arrow. This sound indicates that the contralateral
(off-trace) sonic muscle contracted last in this call.
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